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Sannyasi Rebellion
The Sannyasi Rebellion or Sannyasi Revolt (Bengali: সন্ন্যাসী বিদ্রোহ, The Monks' Rebellion) were the activities of ''sannyasis'' and fakirs (Hindu and Muslim ascetics, respectively) in Bengal, India in the late 18th century. It is also known as the Fakir-Sannyasi Rebellion (ফকির-সন্ন্যাসী বিদ্রোহ) which took place around Murshidabad and Baikunthupur forests of Jalpaiguri. Historians have not only debated what events constitute the rebellion, but have also varied on the significance of the rebellion in Indian history. While some refer to it as an early war for India's independence from foreign rule, since the right to collect tax had been given to the British East India Company after the Battle of Buxar in 1764, others categorize it as acts of violent banditry following the depopulation of the province, post the Bengal famine of 1770.
==Early events==
At least three separate events are called the Sannyasi Rebellion. One refers to a large body of Hindu ''sannyasis'' who travelled from North India to different parts of Bengal to visit shrines. En route to the shrines, it was customary for many of these holy men to exact a religious tax from the headmen and ''zamindars'' or regional landlords. In times of prosperity, the headmen and zamindars generally obliged. However, since the East India Company had received the ''diwani'' or right to collect tax, many of the tax demands increased and the local landlords and headmen were unable to pay both the ascetics and the English. Crop failures, and famine, which killed ten million people or an estimated one-third of the population of Bengal compounded the problems since much of the arable land lay fallow.〔
In 1771, 150 saints were put to death, apparently for no reason. This was one of the reasons that caused distress leading to violence, especially in Natore in Rangpur, now in modern Bangladesh. However, some modern historians argue that the movement never gained popular support.〔
The other two movements involved a sect of Hindu ascetics, the ''Dasnami naga sannyasis'' who likewise visited Bengal on pilgrimage mixed with moneylending opportunities.〔 To the British, these ascetics were looters and must be stopped from collecting money that belonged to the Company and possibly from even entering the province. It was felt that a large body of people on the move was a possible threat.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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